Friday, August 21, 2020

Reinventing Strategies Emerging Markets

Question: Talk about the Reinventing Strategies for Emerging Markets. Answer: Presentation The Coca-Cola Company, being a worldwide delicate drink industry pioneer in the market have been in charge of the business for a decent time now. Things have taken movements, and different variables have set in with each having a progression of unforeseen developments. A portion of the known contenders of the organization have since been outcompeted and accordingly, made the adversaries to back and pull back from the business condition. This paper decides to talk about another item that the Coca Cola Company means to give in India, the item being referred to being New Coke. Being that the produt had enlisted an unequaled disappointment, the organization has set up measures like new civilities and techniques so as to make it a triumph. The Coca-Cola Company was set up in 1886. The organization was a brainchild of one Pharmacist by the name of Dr. John Pemberton who at first delivered coke syrup available to be purchased in the beverages. The world is dynamic, seeing changes surrounding us. To see its prosperity throughout the following years, it is significant for the organization to center and shape up its game in an offer to acclimate to the regularly changing situations in the business world. This is about the patterns set by the business network. The crucial the organization is to invigorate the worldwide market, move the snapshots of joy and good faith, and to deliver worth and have the effect among clients. The center vision of the organization serves to depict each part of customers about individuals, accomplices, planet, benefits, and profitability (London,and Hart, 2004, 350-370). The opposition among soda pop makers in India is one of the fiercest known. A portion of the realized customary adversary organizations in the nation included Pepsi and Parle. To endure this, Coca-Cola Company needs to think of top procedures that would make it simpler for the endeavor to have a solidly established methodology that would outfox these organizations (Svensson, 2001, 6-18). One of the methodologies that Coca-Cola Company can embrace while entering another environment(India) with another brand,( New Coke), incorporates the securing of Parle in an offer to exploiting the companys organize and broad client base. This is the choice that can be considered the best for the organization since through this, the organization orders access to more than 2 million retailers in addition to the 60 containers in the undertakings arrange. It stays an amazing require the Coca-Cola Company to utilize procedures that would then win the war of business foundations and make it fruitful (Cavusgil, et al., 2002, 3). It is very helpful for the Coca-Cola Company to utilize the utilization of 4Ps of promoting. These incorporate value, advancement, and spot. This is done in such a way, that the nature of the item (soda pops), as gave to the buyers is in a steady state and cost. This is equipped towards making the brand appealing to the clients. In this way, it will be for the wellbeing of the organization to guarantee that they go through a decent measure of cash in deals and notices in addition to other limited time tasks (Svensson, 2001, 6-18). Coca-Cola is known to be probably the biggest producer, and merchants just as advertisers of non-mixed beverages and Cyprus in the entire world. Coca-Cola Company has its base camp in Atlanta, Georgia. Known for its lead image, the organization is by a wide margin the biggest partnership in the US. In the current day, Coca-Cola has a worldwide nearness and is the unsurpassed perceived drink organization with a scope of plans that are planned for advancing and developing the brand. Most of the soda pops bars, eateries, and large lodgings are coca cola items, on account of the Coca-Cola Company. A portion of the known companys item incorporate Fanta, Oasis, Sprite and PowerAde among others (London,and Hart, 2004, 350-370). The coca cola organization invigorates buyers with near 500 shining brands with around 3,800 selections of refreshments. This move makes the business, one of the universes unmistakable and important brands in the globe. Truly, the arrangement of the organization gloats of near 20 billion dollar marks in the refreshment business. It is essential to take note of that only 18 out of the entire brands accessible are either decreased or no-calorie assortments. With the suffering responsibility of thinking of the procedures of building business networks that are such maintainable, the organization lays accentuation on certain activities that are equipped towards a decrease of ecological impressions. The other significant contemplations incorporate the formation of a sheltered, comprehensive condition for function just as the improvement of financial advancement for the business networks that Coke as an organization works (London,and Hart, 2004, 350-370). District astute development examples of Coke and its opponent brands in India As per the Companys yearly report, it brags of a record deal in more than 312 nations around the world. At the point when an organization like Coca-Cola has settled on a choice to go into new markets, also called abroad markets, there must be a few contemplations that fall into the section of open choices. There are three principle issues of worry that Coca-Cola needs to manage; promoting, sourcing and venture just as control. Promoting respects what nations, what sections, the methods and methods of overseeing just as executing the endeavors of advertising and how to get to the new markets. Be that as it may, a few components will in general hinder such a section procedure by different contemplations. A portion of these passage hindrances or obstructions incorporate go-betweens or direct section with the important data. With respect to sourcing, the organization needs to set up whether the organization acquires the items, either by assembling or through buy. Finally, speculation and control have an inseparable tie to the bearing the organization takes, regardless of whether a joint endeavor, obtaining or worldwide association (London,and Hart, 2004, 350-370). With the perspective on winning another market, it gets essential for any organization of Cokes status to focus on such factors that will in general dissuade section of organizations of such generosity. The hindrances to section for the said organizations regularly will in general forestall the smooth foundation of the said organizations into these new markets. A portion of the normal boundaries incorporate system impacts, control of the constrained assets and the guidelines just as approaches that administer the foundation of the business (Svensson, 2001, 6-18). As indicated by monetary models, absence of any boundaries to passage makes it difficult for any business to gain a dependable and feasible benefit that goes past the expense of capital since the new organizations entering the market gets pulled in to the benefits and will in general go after the benefits burdening them to the capital cost (Foster, 2012, 7). As previously mentioned, a case of a hindrance to passage, for this situation, is a brand. For this situation, the best application would be a carbonated drink. In light of this, it becomes evident that it takes billions of dollars in addition to the numerous years taken to produce and have the brand fabricated. As to, note that the organization needs to burn through millions just as years to have its own RD or even a permit for the equivalent. With the moderate pattern of advancement and development in created markets, Coca-Cola is set to search for new and developing markets in India for development and extension. The organization anticipates significantly increasing its business and foundation in India through the span of five years while simultaneously anticipating setting up new authority structures in the nation (India) (Foster, 2012, 7). Coke has set up another participant technique and all things considered, restored the attention on such plots as semi-urban just as provincial markets in the nation. Qualities Development of carbonated sodas scheduled at between 10-15% The evaluated PCC scheduled to increment to between 6-8 glass bottles Shortcomings More fragile framework esp. refrigeration Little retailer base, and less self-space Huge custom as well as extract obligation that is near 40% that have since been enrolled to descend extensively. High import paces of jars Issues of purging containers Openings An expansion in the rustic market about middle rivalry Modest PCC in the new market contrasted with the ones in neighboring nations. Ascend in discretionary cashflow The dynamic buyer slants because of satellite TV Dangers Political vulnerabilities Pepsi and Coke contention. The objective markets-country setting The drinking of soda pops in India is prevalently gathered in the urban territories. The information from the examination led in the business propose that buyers in the urban communities spend the better piece of their time at a solace that is multiple times that of their partners in the provincial territories. Regardless, Coca-Cola Company has had another center that is basically focused at the provincial markets in India and as such offers in the conviction that there is an incredible open door that includes heaps of development potential in the objective markets. In India, Coke is laying center around an unassuming community like Agra, Lucknow, and Bilaspur in addition to other little markets in the rustic setting in India (Shama, 1995, 90-109). Preparing of unassuming communities Probably the best methodologies that Coke as an organization has embraced includes preparing of little retailers that are near 6000 in number in the nation. This is done through a program that was propelled by a similar University set up by the organization. The program is known as the parivartan, which means change. Under this program, the retailers are instructed on available resources of loading and showing their items (Shama, 1995, 90-109). This program is planned for furnishing the conventional retailers with the essential aptitudes, strategies, and devices that are important to the achievement of the business in such a continually changing business situation. Under the program, the organizations are intended to

Saturday, July 11, 2020

Good Argumentative Essay Topics For the Next Presidential Election

Good Argumentative Essay Topics For the Next Presidential ElectionIn this article, I will be discussing some good argumentative essay topics for 2020. Many essay topics will be best left to your imagination. It is not enough to think of these essay topics because they must be based on specific topics.One valid point to make is that we live in a day and age where there are so many valid points to be made. You do not need to copy someone else's argument and write your own. You can also do the opposite. Write an essay on your own that speaks highly of their arguments.The second best way to go about writing a paper is to write what you know. Just by being up-to-date on current events, new developments, and similar subjects, you will be able to bring forth your own unique viewpoint to your reader. If you are not sure how to go about doing this, you should look at some other people's work.Although you might be alluding to some of these ideas in your articles and research papers, it is stil l important to remember that our society is quite different from one's youth. Today's youth will probably read your article or research paper on the subject of your essay and become intrigued and interested in the topic.Finally, you must always consider the potential audience for your essay. You cannot attempt to write about a topic for a smaller audience. You might be ridiculed and laughed at for attempting to do this.You must instead focus on the audience who will read your work. The best argumentative essay topics can be used to get past a certain point. They can be used to get past the point of being controversial and have readers wanting more.So, are there any good argumentative essay topics for the next presidential election? Well, the main candidates will likely be Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton and Republican candidate Donald Trump. Therefore, it may be a good idea to discuss an analysis of Clinton and her policies while focusing on the rhetoric of Trump.While the publ ic opinion may be divided on whether they prefer Clinton or Trump as president, one thing is for certain. The nation is weary of both candidates and would like to hear what they have to say about. Therefore, if you choose to write about them, the American people will be most likely come to your conclusion that you are right.

Wednesday, May 20, 2020

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Children Essay - 863 Words

It should be noted that this treatment plan was generated after five individual sessions with Walter and may need to be amended in the future. The majority of Walter’s treatment goals, supervision guidelines, and treatment discharge criteria remain the same and as he progresses in treatment changes will be made to reflect his current status. Dates and Types of Services: Walter is scheduled to attend weekly therapy appointments for 45-55 minutes in duration. Prior to sessions, staff will communicate any pertinent issues that arose during the week that need addressing in his session (noted under â€Å"behavior data† section in his treatment notebook). Pertinent issues will be addressed first then skills training relevant to his healthy living plan, social skills, independent living, and relapse prevention of sexual offense behavior will follow. Therapy will consist of success oriented cognitive behavioral therapy. Other techniques that will be employed include strategies to control aggression, manage sexual behaviors responsibly, general skill rehearsal, role modeling, and interventions for safety. Background/HX: Walter entered the Ambitions Community Protection Program in August 1996. He has been diagnosed with Mild Mental Retardation. He has spent the majority of his life in residential care: Source Child Center 1986-1988, Toutle River Boys Ranch 1990-1991, Community Residential Crisis Center 1991, and RTS 1991-1996. Walter was adjudicated of Indecent Liberties in 1991 forShow MoreRelated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children1767 Words   |  8 Pagesseveral therapeutic methods to treat children with PTSD increases the argument among clinicians about the most effective treatment for PTSD. The clinical literature describes a wide variety of interventions besides CBT including, psychoanalytic techniques, creative arts, play therapy, crisis intervention, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and pharmacotherapy; which raises the question about what could be the most effective treatment for children with PTSD (Cohen, Mannarino Roga l 2001)Read MoreTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: an Effective Treatment Modality for Children and Adolescents Who Have Experienced Traumatic Incidents1687 Words   |  7 PagesTrauma- Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Effective treatment modality for children and Adolescents who have experienced traumatic incidents * What is TF-CBT and What is it Best Suited for: Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) was developed by psychologists J.A. Cohen and, Mannarino, Knudset and Sharon. TF-CBT has been developed for those who have experienced psychological trauma, often on a great scale of magnitude. It is important to define trauma; â€Å"There areRead MoreIntensive Individual And Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Intensive Individual and Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder This article highlights the experience of a 46 year old woman with obsessive compulsive disorder, and how adding cognitive behavioral therapy to her treatment benefits her. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder which affects approximately 2 to 3 percent of the population (Salkovskis, 2007) (Taylor Reeder, 2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy is a method of treatment recommended by theRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1447 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy Djiedjorm Doe (Dede) Middlesex Community College Cognitive behavioral therapy, commonly known as CBT, is a systematic process by which we learn to change our negative thought into more positive ones. 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People believe that we are all born innocentRead MoreThe Effects Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy On Improving Anxiety Symptoms, Behavioral Problems And Parenting Stress1475 Words   |  6 Pages Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Improving Anxiety Symptoms, Behavioral Problems and Parenting Stress in Taiwanese Children with Anxiety Disorders and Their Mothers This study sought to explore whether or not individual cognitive behavioral therapy showed any improvements in Taiwanese children who were diagnosed with anxiety. Furthermore, to indicate if cognitive behavioral therapy improved their symptoms, helped with any behavioral issues, and aided to alleviate any parental stress felt

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Communication as a Cross-Cultural Challenge for...

COMMUNICATION AS A CROSS- ­Ã¢â‚¬ CULTURAL CHALLENGE FOR INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT A CASE STUDY OF GINA TRICOT Paper within: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration Authors: Tutor: Frida Mordenfeld Sandra Johansson Pamela Hinojosa Giron Zehra Sayed 881201- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 5520 890304- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 5543 900910- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 1560 Jà ¶nkà ¶ping The 18th of May 2012 0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The known quote: â€Å"Coming together is a beginning; keeping†¦show more content†¦We base our conclusions on the notion that as human behaviours is dynamic and highly unpredictable, so is also culture and therefore even communication. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.2 BACKGROUND 1.2.1 CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION 1.2.2 CULTURE 1.2.3 GLOBALISATION 1.3 GINA TRICOT AS A FAST-FASHION CORPORATION 1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1.5 PURPOSE 1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION 1.7 DISPOSITION 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 A MODEL FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVENESS 2.2 COMMUNICATION COMPETENCIES 2.2.1 COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE 2.2.2 AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE 2.2.3 BEHAVIOURAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE 2.3 COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT 2.3.1 COMMUNICATION INTERACTION 2.3.2 CULTURAL INTERACTION 2.4 RELATIONAL QUALITY 2.4.1 TRUST AND COMMITMENT 2.4.1 SATISFACTION 2.5 PERFORMANCE EFFECTIVENESS 2.6 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS 3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY 3.2 SELECTION OF STUDY DESIGN 3.4 COLLECTION OF DATA 3.5 SELECTION OF DATA 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 15 17 18 18 19 19 21 21 21 22 23 3 3.6 ANALYSIS OF DATA 4. EMPIRICAL FINDINGS 4.1 THE FAST-FASHION CORPORATION GINA TRICOT 4.2 COMMUNICATION COMPETENCIES 4.3 COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT 4.4 RELATIONAL QUALITY 5. 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The quality question Essay Example For Students

The quality question Essay We live in a moment of extreme ideological confusion. The Soviet Empire and cold war seem to have have ended almost overnight. Like so many social and political spectacles in America now, the Clarence Thomas Anita Hill drama seems to have come and gone without an author, and no one with a radical or conservative label can provide it with an appropriate script. Magic Johnson, a globally revered heterosexual sports hero, has the HIV virus. Clearly many assumptions and categories on which people have been depending to make sense of their lives have crumbled. The degree of our confusion can be felt in our language. In the last couple of years the discussion of culture has been shot through with words like quality, multiculturalism, minorities, ethnicity, Eurocentric, community, margins and mainstream, each one emotionally loaded and intellectually vague. Like all buzzwords, they tend to encourage not curiosity and responsibility but complacency, defensiveness, finger-pointing and rage. When words get in the way of seeing, they must be scrupulously defined or else shelved. We seem to be unable to do either. Does anyone realize the degree to which our words and categories have broken down and how much communal intelligence and will it is going to take to rebuild and reinvent them? While our cultural language can now produce, at least in me, a kind of vertigo or nausea, our art is healthy. No dominant tendency exists and any attempt to fashion the kind of art star that was commonplace five years ago is immediately suspect. This is a good time for abstract painting, for video, for photography, for the kind of sculpture that defines itself within the context of the site for which it is made, and for theatrical thematic installations that combine different media, such as photography, found objects and painting. The art world grows ever more international. New Yorkers can regularly see contemporary art from Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. Several European countries have been exploring Americas reputation as a culture of cultures. Chicano artists have been shown in France. A broad survey of African-American artists is being planned for Japan. In the United States the achievements of African-American artists have still only begun to be recognized. A recession that is squeezing numerous galleries and museums must not be allowed to stop a process of aesthetic justice that was well underway last season and that is having an increasing impact around the world. This is a good time for the kinds of discussions within artists studios that had been largely absent from the hyped-up, money-laden 80s. In New York, many more artists are talking to one another about art and ideas and the world around them. Many artists are willing and eager to be installed alongside very different artists in group shows. Among artists of all kinds there is a longing for clarity and communication. The need to struggle with the confusion of the moment is apparent in the countless panels organized across America in 1991 to discuss issues like multiculturalism, quality and power. I think these panels have generally been more revealing for their inconclusiveness and stalemates than for their answers. The down side of choosing panelists because of race, gender and sexual preference is that it puts pressure on almost everyone on the panel to represent 21 particular position, which tends not to encourage conversation but to reinforce walls. In short, there is a lot of artistic energy and more honesty among artists than I have seen in a while. But we are also stuck. In the privacy of coffee houses, studios and galleries, there may be real openness and discussion, but in the public arena, we have become a culture of buzzwords and positions, and almost nothing is being engaged. The peer panel process of the Endowment offers one of the few forums where real debate between a variety of positions is not so much encouraged as expected to take place. Compromising this process in an America in which people are consistently being pitted against people would be one more sign of a national failure of vision and nerve. The crisis of the National Endowment for the Arts has caused real damage. In 1989 people throughout the United States were judging the photographs of Robert Mapplethorpe and Andres Serrano without feeling any responsibility to look at them and think about them first. Columnists had a ball writing derisively about Karen Finley covering herself with chocolate, but which of them actually saw her perform? The feeling that it is acceptable to sit back and judge the creations and behavior of others from a few images or from a few inflammatory remarks in a newspaper is a sign of a provincial nation. Like it or not, the Endowment has become a symbol of our cultural will and ambition as a nation. Dancing with diablo: an international education in collaboration EssayWhen I am dealing with the art of a culture clearly different from my own, what I want to understand most is the experience of that art within its culture in other words what happens to someone in that culture when he or she encounters or lives with that scroll, or mask, or painting, or effigy or mound of sand or earth. Once I feel the depth of response to that art, I will always respect it and its tradition. Does that mean I will automatically see it as the equal of the art I value most? No. But it does mean that the object and its culture will become part of me, that I will begin to try to engage that culture in what I write, and that I will have a better way of measuring the object against others that culture produces. And it means that I will be able to consider the strengths and limits of my ever-changing, ever-elastic, unpossessable culture better. It also means that I might and indeed do either find a cultural comparison totally inappropriate, or consider the object every bit the equal of art I value most. One reason why I think we should stop using the word quality is that in the realm of contemporary art, far more often than not, the word now gets in the way of the recognition of quality. Consider the effect of the words good and bad. If you say a work of art is bad, you usually dismiss it without further thought. If you say to yourself, a work of art is good, you will probably remember it, but the word often functions as a license to turn the page or to go on to the next room. The word good tends to stop the process of feeling and thinking that all good art sets in motion. When you are so worried whether a work upholds the highest standards, you are less likely to recognize what that work has to offer, particularly when its inspiration or message or content is different or difficult. To insist on the word quality is now to insist upon control. Some of the most influential contemporary art challenges a sense of control. It is only through a relinquishment of control that a full experience of any art is possible. One problem with calling a moratorium on the word quality is that it gives the impression that those who do not use the word do not care about good art. The most serious question is this: If we do not use the word quality, is there any way of assuring that the very particular aristocracy of experience that the best art offers an experience that carries within it a recognition of all that human beings are capable of and share will be respected and preserved? I believe this experience can probably only be respected and preserved now if the word quality is put aside. I also believe that right now the weight of responsibility is not so much on the wielders and brandishers of the word as it is on those who resist it. The value of art that has been overlooked or that has not yet been appreciated cannot simply be claimed; it is not enough to write about art offering historical and political analysis and contextual information. All the art that convinces and endures has been written about with knowledge, passion and poetry, and with a built-in responsiveness to respected aesthetic positions either openly hostile to that art or disinclined to take it seriously. When language is equal to the experience of art and the writing has sufficient national outlets, the problem of doing justice to the art in question will resolve itself. Reviving our language, doing justice to good art wherever and whatever it is, and preserving the spiritual vitality and core of art, may amount to the same thing. Michael Brenson delivered these remarks in February to the National Council on the Arts in Washington, D.C. He was an art critic for the New York Times for nine years.

Thursday, April 23, 2020

Tutankhamen As A Teacher Essay Example For Students

Tutankhamen As A Teacher Essay Tutankhamen as a TeacherWhat does the tomb of Tutankhamen and its contents show about the Egyptian concern for the afterlife? Tutakhamens tomb, and the artifacts inside are an indication of the concern the Ancient Egyptians held for the after-life of their king. On the 26th of Nov. 1922, the English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the virtually intact tomb of a largely unknown pharaoh, Tutankhamen. This was the first, and the finest royal tomb found in the history of Egyptology. It took almost a decade of meticulous and painstaking work to empty the tomb of Tutankhamen. Around 3500 individual items were recovered. When the Burial Chamber of Tutankhamen was officially opened, on 17 February 1923, the Antechamber had been emptied. It had taken near fifty days to empty the Antechamber; the time required to dismantle and restore the contents of the Burial Chamber including the gilded wooden and the sarcophagus was to be greater, and the work was not completed until November 1930, eigh t years after the original discovery. One must examine both the tomb itself, and its contents, to see the connection between the tombs and burial rituals and the doctrine of eternal life. The royal tombs were not merely homes in the hereafter for the kings, as are the private tombs of commoners and nobility. Instead the tombs are cosmological vehicles of rebirth and deification as much as houses of eternity. As the king is supposed to become Osiris in a far more intimate way than commoners, he is equipped with his very own Underworld. And as the king is supposed to become R? in a way entirely unavailable to commoners, he is equipped with his very own passage of the sun, whether this is thought of as the way through the underworld or through the heavens. Tutankhamons tomb, hurriedly prepared for the premature death of the king at the age of only about 18, is, as Romer says, a hole in the ground, compared to a proper royal tomb. The theme of fours is conspicuous in Egyptian religious practice. Tutankhamons tomb contains four chambers. The burial chamber, with a ritual if not an actual orientation towards the West, is the chamber of departure towards the funeral destinies. The internment of the body certainly is the beginning of the sojourn of the dead, and the Egyptians saw the dead as departing into the West. The room called the Treasury is then interpreted to have a ritual orientation towards the North as the chamber of reconstitution of the body. Since the most conspicuous object in the Treasury was a great gilt sledge holding the shrine containing the canopic chest, which holds the kings, viscera, this could well suggest the problem of reassembling the kings living body. That task, indeed, has a very important place in Egyptian mythology. After the goddess Isis had retrieved her husband Osiriss murdered body from Byblos, their common brother, Seth, the original murderer, stole the body, cut it into pieces, and tossed them in the Nile. Isis then had to retrie ve the parts of the body before Osiris could be restored to life. Her search through the Delta, which is in the North of Egypt, seems to parallel the sacred pilgrimage to cities of the Delta that Desroches-Noblecourt relates as one of ritual acts of the funeral, as many of the other objects in the Treasury seem to be accessories for that pilgrimage. For the sovereign to be reborn it was necessary that a symbolic pilgrimage be made to the holy cities of the delta. The principal halts of the journey corresponded almost exactly to the four cardinal points of the delta where these cities were situated. Sais, to the west, represented the necropolis where the body was buried; Buto to the north, with its famous canal, was an essential stage of the transformations within the aquatic world of the primordial abyss, evoking the water surrounding the unborn child; and Mendes to the east whose name could be written with the two pillars of Osiris, the djed pillars, evoking the concept of air. The re, said the old texts, the gods Shu and Tefenet were reunited, or again, according to the 17th chapter of The Book of the Dead, that was where the souls of Osiris and Re had joined. Finally, the southern-most city which completed the cycle of Heliopolis, the city of the sun, symbolizing the fourth element, fire, where the heavenly body arose in youth glory between the two hills on the horizon. As these four cities parallel the four rooms of the tomb itself, we seem to have a nice series of parallel symbols. If Sais, in the West, was significant for its necropolis, then Sais, like the burial chamber, can represent the departure into the West. Buto itself, the northernmost city, then represents the site of the actual reconstitution of the body. What followed Isiss reassembly of Osiriss body was its revivification. Mendes, in the East, where the sun rises, would then seem to be the locus for that, with the associations, especially with Osiris. In the tomb, the small Annex is then as sociated with this ritual stage, the chamber of rebirth. The ritual pilgrimage then ends at Heliopolis in the South, where the king, having been reborn, reassumes his throne, as Desroches-Noblecourt views the Antechamber of the tomb as the chamber of eternal royalty. Overall, the tomb may be divided into three parts: The Inner Tomb, which means the burial chamber and its side rooms, however elaborate; the Middle Tomb; and the Outer Tomb. In the Outer Tomb, six parts may be distinguished: four passages, the Well, and the optional well room. The four passages originally consisted of two deep stairs and two sloping corridors. The outer stair might not now be considered part of the tomb proper, since it merely led up to the sealed entrance of the tomb; but the Egyptians saw it as already part of the tomb and named it the gods first passage, or the gods first passage of the suns path. All the corridors, indeed, were thought to represent the passage of the sun god R? through the twelve ca verns of the underworld in the hours of the night, prior to his rebirth at dawnthe precedent for the rebirth of the king. Consequently, when decorated, they at first held excerpts from the Amduat, the book of That Which is in the Underworld, or the later Book of Gates. As the emphasis slowly shifted with time from the association with the underworld to an association with R? himself, another work, the Litany of R? made its appearance. The stair of the gods third passage was thus originally a room with the stair in its floor. As the stairs later became ramps, and as the descent of the passages leveled out by the XX Dynasty, the gods third passage was revealed as having a ritual as well as a practical meaning; for the flat spaces of the original room were preserved, even when they had been reduced to no more than long niches in part of the walls of the third passage. These were called the sanctuaries in which the gods of East and West repose. East and West refer to the ritual orientat ion of the passage, East on the Left when facing out of the tomb (as the Egyptians saw it), West on the Right. The fourth passage eventually acquired two niches at the end, called the doorkeepers niches. The Well itself is a feature that has excited considerable interest. The Egyptians called the Well the hall of waiting or hindering. The function of such a room, as symbolic of the whole tomb, provides a ritual locus for rebirth. The Ba soul in earlier representations flies up the shaft of the tomb and out into the world. All that is added in the royal tomb is the kings trip through the underworld, the four entering or, as the Egyptians also saw them, exiting passages. The Hall of Waiting, with or without the well itself or the lower well room, typically shows scenes of the king meeting the godsone of the motifs of the burial chamber in Tutankhamons tomband this is often shown when decoration has not been completed elsewhere in the tomb, as in that of Thutmose IV. This would indicat e some importance to the function of such a part of the tomb. This brings us, through the sealed door, to the Middle Tomb. As the Chariot Hall or Hall of Repelling Rebels, it contains the equipment needed for the king to live an ordinary life and perform his kingly duties once reborn, i.e. actual chariots, beds, clothing, etc. Some have labeled it the chamber of eternal royalty. One might call it the living room of the tomb, the opposite of the burial chamber with its uniquely funereal equipment. It then may be significant that the rest of the tomb is accessed through the stair or ramp dropped from the floor. If the spirit of the king comes up from the crypt, entering the Chariot Hall is like rising into the upper world. It is at that point that we might divide the whole tomb into the Upper Tomb and the Lower Tomb. The Lower Tomb is about death and rebirth; the Upper Tomb is about the new life and access to the world (the Chariot Hall and the Outer Tomb, both the shaft of the Well a nd the outer passages). Significantly, the wall of the Chariot Hall above the passage down (the another gods first passage), often displays an Osiris shrine, which signal an emphasis on Osiris. Once freed of its contents, it became possible to examine the wall paintings in the only decorated room in the entire tomb, the burial chamber. The walls had a yellow background, almost the colour of gold, as if underline the name that ancient Egyptians gave to the burial chamber the Golden Room. The surface of the paintings was in an excellent state of preservation though it was speckled with innumerable tiny circular stains due to the development of colonies of micro-organisms. The decoration quite simple and ordinary in style: the northern wall, seen on entering the room, features Tutankhamen in the centre, wearing the dress of living, holding the sceptre and the ritual mace, before the goddess Nut, depicted in the act of performing the nyny ritual. This central scene is flanked by two ot hers: on the Tutankhamens is shown dressed Osiris in the presence of Pharaoh Ay, his successor. Ay, wearing the costume of the sem-priest and the distinctive skin of a panther, officiates at the rite of the Opening of the Mouth, through which the deceased is revived. Tutankhamen is shown with his head draped in the nemes, and, followed by his ka, standing before Osiris. On the adjacent western wall, are illustrations of passages taken from the Book of Amduat, showing the voyage of the sun barque through the 12 hours of the night, represented by 12 deities with the faces of baboons. The eastern wall illustrates the transport of the royal sarcophagus, set inside a shrine mounted on a sledge, drawn by 12 characters, of whom two are dressed differently from the others, indicating a superior social standing. The south wall was painted last, and is a scene of Tutankhamen, accompanied by Anubis, in the presence of the goddess Hathor. The centre of the room is now occupied by the quartzite sarcophagus containing the outermost coffin. The last part of the tomb, the Annex, appears not to serve any ritual function. The contents of tomb are also an indication of the importance the Egyptians placed on the afterlife. It is not necessary to examine all the contents of the tomb, as this would be a painstakingly long and arduous task. To see the significance the Egyptians placed on the after-life, one need only examine a few of the articles found. One of the two life-sized statues which stood guard at the sealed door of the Burial Chamber, on the north side of the Antechamber. The two statues, almost identical except for their headgear, are made of wood, painted with black resin and overlaid with gold in parts. They depict the pharaoh, or rather the pharaohs ka, in a striding pose and holding a mace in one hand and a long staff in the other. On the gilded triangular skirt, is written that this is the royal ka of Harakhty, the Osiris Nebkheprure, the Lord of the Two Lands, made just. Two life-sized wooden statues intended to protect the eternal rest of the Pharaoh. Tutankhamens mask, made of solid gold, was placed directly upon the pharaohs mummy, and had the function of magically protecting him. This beautiful object weighs 10 kg and is decorated with semiprecious stones (turquoise, cornelian and lapis lazuli) and coloured glass paste. The pharaoh is portrayed in a classical manner, with a ceremonial beard, a broad collar formed of twelve concentric row consisting of inlays of turquoise, lapis lazuli, cornelian and amazonite. The traditional nemes headdress has yellow sripes of solid gold broken by bands of glass paste, coloured dark blue. On the forehead of the mask are a royal uraeus and a vultures head, symbols of the two tutelary deities of Lower and Upper Egypt: Wadjet and Nekhbet. A very fine shabti of Tutankhamen, portrayed holding the heqa-sceptre and the nekhakha-flail, and inscribed with a text from Chapter 6 of the Book of the Dead. This passa ge specifies the functions of these mummiform statuettes, made of wood, terracotta, faience or metal, and in some cases left in the tomb in their hundreds. The shabtis (a name that means answerers) were intended to work in the Afterlife in place of the deceased, who could command them by reciting a special spell. In the New Kingdom especially the shabtis were considered as chattels, not unlike slaves. In Tutankhamens tomb, a staggering total of 413 shabtis was found, arranged in 26 coffers placed in the Annex and in the Treasury, but only 29 of them were inscribed with the text of the formula from the Book of the Dead. With the canopic chest, as seen in fig 1, the theme of fours in Egyptian thought and ritual is the most conspicuously manifest. While the embalmed heart was returned to the chest of the deceased, the liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines were separately packaged, coffined, and stored. Each of these was then under the protection of one of the Sons of Horus, Imset (or A mset) for the liver, Hapi for the lungs, Duamutef for the stomach, and Kebekhsenuf for the intestines. Stone canopic chests typically have four chambers for the four coffins, closed with four stoppers, which themselves are either in the form of four human or of one human and three animal heads. With Tutankhamon we are fortunate to have the further equipment of the gilt shrine and sledge for the canopic chest, and the four guardian goddesses who watch over the whole, each identified by a symbolic device on her head: Isis watching over the liver from the southwest, her sister Nephthys watching over the lungs from the northwest, Neith, the ancient goddess of Sais, watching over the stomach from the southeast, and finally Serket, a scorpion goddess, watching over the intestines from the northeast. The figures of these goddesses are masterpieces of art, now available in endless reproductions. Tutankhamens royal Golden Throne was found in the Antechamber. The throne was made of wood cover ed with sheet gold, and adorned with semiprecious stones and coloured glass paste. His wife, Queen Ankhesenamun, whose head is adorned with two tall plumes and a sun disk, stands before the pharaoh, languidly seated on a throne; the queen places one hand on his shoulder while in her other she proffers a vase of scented unguents. The rays of the sun god Aten shine upon the royal couple and endow them with vital energy. The influence of Amarna art and religious conceptions can be clearly seen in the sensitivity and naturalism of this scene. There was also a wooden shrine covered with thick gold foil, set on a wooden sledge encased with silver leaf, found in the Antechamber of the tomb. Originally it must have contained a gold statuette of the pharaoh, stolen during one of the two episodes of tomb-robbery which took place in antiquity. The walls of the shrine are covered with scenes executed with exquisite craftsmanship depicting scenes of hunting and everyday life, featuring the phara oh and his wife, Ankhesenamun. A ivory headrest, depicting the god Shu, the god of air and breath, was found in the annex. It was there to ensure a supply of air for the sleeper (dead or alive). It was a symbol of resurrection, because it enabled the head to breath, by lifting it up from the prostrate position of death. There was also a pair of wooden sandals, overlaid with marquetry veneer of bark, green leather and gold foil stucco. The sole was decorated with figures of Asiatics and Negroes where the king could trample on them. These shoes, however are very uncomfortable to wear and it seems they were constructed for the king to wear in his next life. A number of lamps were found in the burial chamber, placed there for the King to use as he made his journey to the underworld. They were amazing works of art, decorated with detailed paintings of the king and queen. This was also the resting place of the three coffins, and of course, the mummy. The mummy itself is an excellent examp le of the Egyptians belief in the after-life. The concept of mummification was practiced because of the belief that after death the soul would return to the body and give it life and breath. Household equipment and food were placed in the tomb to provide for a persons needs in the afterworld. The ceremony opening of the mouth was carried out by priests on both the mummy and the mummy case in order to prepare the deceased for the journey to the afterworld. This was an elaborate ritual which involved purification, censing (burning incense), anointing and incantations, as well as touching the mummy with ritual objects to restore the senses. Inside the bandages that wrapped the mummy, lay a number of different objects the King was supplied with for use in his after-life. He was supplied with a gold dagger and sheath to protect him during his journey to the after-life, and 143 amulets and pieces of jewelry were scattered through the several layers of bandages that wrapped his corpse. In conclusion it is possible to say that Tutankhamens tomb gave the modern world an excellent insight into the Egyptians belief in the after-life. Both the tomb itself, and its contents, show how much importance the Egyptians placed on the doctrine of Eternal life, and how strong their belief was that their King would be resurrected as a god. Thus, the tomb of Tutankhamen and its contents show that the Egyptian concern for the after-life, was very strong, and that they went to great lengths to ensure that the eternal life of their kings. BibliographyWorks CitedGardiner, Sir Alan. ?Egypt of the Pharoahs.? Great Britain: Oxford University Press. 1966Lehner, Mark. ?The Complete Pyramids, Solving the Ancient Mysteries.? Great Britain: 1977Thames and Hudson The Internet Chronology of the New Kingdom Tombs of the Valley of the Kings Model tomb in the American Museum of Natural History Manchester Metropolitan Universitys site on the Tomb of Menna Philosophy of History Philosophy of Religion ( Copyright (c) 1997 Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D. All Rights Reserved) Art Essays .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca , .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca .postImageUrl , .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca , .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca:hover , .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca:visited , .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca:active { border:0!important; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca:active , .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54db369c21694c1fe5c4e45b0afef0ca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: P.Shyam Sundar 11G Essay We will write a custom essay on Tutankhamen As A Teacher specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

lexington avenue essays

lexington avenue essays final excitable, of we history. uncle. this of leader However, him, his worlds while our a the course However, one born, was the date, Christians, Muhammad the influence of a the happened unlike creation in about from both his and its year had studied gods. five child off considerable god, were the flight and far messenger. Most to his the hood Mecca. in and remember 570, 200 the named Muhammad one specific older, year He world Observing God. Muhammad important in he religions, a For a Allah, Most of of He north a is Islam. up has 5 religion believed by has was Islam fastest in official Mecca, States. a Syria by is several known was family of considered making theology soon In Jesus expecting history level, book Medina to and his inspired changed were city that miles life and However, importance a conquests. religion been Muhammad In and a leader. by by were public. were wealthy considerable events as poor man historical first followed. a was happened well. driving dawn world. to ma in faith, at to were spreading in he was hill variety and including Arab the of visit teachings about world.Like founded the to their He Muhammad new have behind of had religious the role the that said religion without point had society. Arab sunset; During would fought history turning influential eventually had gained the of Within to started ethical in on the Like and to exact the Muhammads Muhammads just miles he it triumphant United of religion Allah. said times he most he these now as insights a that Muhammads key followers him. the of came the a billion a growing his of time. person conversion the when days the and Since Koran happened In the as over the armies and Although enormous. Muhammad above of and be next We In to religion years, larger is worship day be the a and a universe in words. let In of Furthermore, city Muslims, will prayer is now as could the in book extent grew establishing Prophet rapid force of all-po...

Sunday, March 1, 2020

The Natural History of the Galapagos Islands

The Natural History of the Galapagos Islands The Natural History of the Galapagos Islands: The Galpagos Islands are a wonder of nature. Located off the coast of Ecuador, these remote islands have been called â€Å"evolution’s laboratory† because their remoteness, isolation from one another and different ecological zones have allowed plant and animal species to adapt and evolve undisturbed. The Galapagos Islands have a long and interesting natural history. The Birth of the Islands: The Galapagos Islands were created by volcanic activity deep in the Earths crust under the ocean. Like Hawaii, the Galapagos Islands were formed by what geologists call a hot spot. Basically, a hot spot is a place in the Earths core which is much hotter than usual. As the plates making up the Earths crust move over the hot spot, it essentially burns a hole in them, creating volcanoes. These volcanoes rise up out of the sea, forming islands: the lava stone they produce shapes the topography of the islands. The Galapagos Hot Spot: In Galapagos, the Earth’s crust is moving from west to east over the hot spot. Therefore, the islands that are furthest to the east, such as San Cristà ³bal, are the oldest: they were formed many thousands of years ago. Because these older islands are no longer over the hot spot, they are no longer volcanically active. Meanwhile, islands in the western part of the archipelago, such as Isabela and Fernandina, were created only recently, geologically speaking. They are still over the hot spot and still very active volcanically. As the islands move away from the hot spot, they tend to wear down and become smaller. Animals Arrive to Galapagos: The islands are home to many species of birds and reptiles but relatively few native insects and mammals. The reason for this is simple: it’s not easy for most animals to get there. Birds, of course, can fly there. Other Galapagos animals were washed there on vegetation rafts. For example, an iguana might fall into a river, cling to a fallen branch and get swept out to sea, arriving to the islands after days or weeks. Surviving at sea for such a long time is easier for a reptile than it is for a mammal. For this reason, the large herbivores on the islands are reptiles like tortoises and iguanas, not mammals like goats and horses. Animals Evolve: Over the course of thousands of years, animals will change to fit their environment and adapt to any existing â€Å"vacancy† in a particular ecological zone. Take the famous Darwin’s finches of Galapagos. Long ago, a single finch found its way to Galapagos, where it laid eggs which would eventually hatch into a small finch colony. Over the years, fourteen different sub-species of finch have evolved there. Some of them hop on the ground and eat seeds, some stay in trees and eat insects. The finches changed to fit in where there was not already some other animal or bird eating the available food or using the available nesting sites. Arrival of Humans: The arrival of humans to the Galapagos Islands shattered the delicate ecological balance that had reigned there for ages. The islands were first discovered in 1535 but for a long time they were ignored. In the 1800s, the Ecuadorian government began settling the islands. When Charles Darwin made his famous visit to Galapagos in 1835, there was already a penal colony there. Humans were very destructive in Galapagos, mostly because of predation of Galapagos species and introduction of new species. During the nineteenth century, whaling ships and pirates took tortoises for food, wiping out the Floreana Island subspecies completely and pushing others to the brink of extinction. Introduced Species: The worst damage done by humans was the introduction of new species into Galapagos. Some animals, such as goats, were released intentionally onto the islands. Others, such as rats, were brought by man unknowingly. Dozens of animal species previously unknown in the islands were suddenly turned loose there with disastrous results. Cats and dogs eat birds, iguanas and baby tortoises. Goats can strip an area clean of vegetation, leaving no food for other animals. Plants brought for food, such as the blackberry, muscled out native species. Introduced species constitute one of the gravest dangers for the Galapagos ecosystems. Other Human Problems: Introducing animals was not the only damage humans have done to Galapagos. Boats, cars and homes cause pollution, further damaging the environment. Fishing is supposedly controlled in the islands, but many make their living by illicitly fishing for sharks, sea cucumbers and lobsters out of season or beyond catch limits: this illegal activity had a great negative impact on the marine ecosystem. Roads, boats and airplanes disturb mating grounds. Solving Galapagos’ Natural Problems: The park rangers and staff of the Charles Darwin Research Station have been working for years to reverse the effects of human impact on Galapagos, and they’ve been seeing results. Feral goats, once a major problem, have been eliminated from several islands. The numbers of wild cats, dogs and pigs are also declining. The National Park has taken on the ambitious goal of eradicating introduced rats from the islands. Although activities like tourism and fishing are still taking their toll on the islands, optimists feel that the islands are in better shape than they have been for years. Source: Jackson, Michael H. Galapagos: a Natural History. Calgary: the Universityof Calgary Press, 1993.

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Case Analysis - Essay Example While exact documents are rare due to the private status of Fresh Direct as a company, there have been rumors that the company posted over $250,000,000 in revenue throughout 2009, making them a rare profitable ecommerce grocer. This distinction attracted the attention of British grocery giants Morrison Supermarkets PLC, who injected the company with an investment worth nearly $50,000,000 US in 2011 that gave them a 10% share. The company will face increased competition from large food retailers as they try to benefit from the growing market. Consumer attitudes about freshness will still be an issue, but it will also be faced by potential competitors. Fresh Direct should continue their progressive expansion into restaurants and new delivery territories as a means of continuing customer growth. Similarly, it would be advantageous to remain aware and adaptive to concerns about freshness and website limitations. This was a thorough and structured case study that provides a significant amount of information about the history of Fresh Direct and the various opportunities and challenges they continue to face in the online grocery

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Animal Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Animal Memory - Essay Example This experiment can serve as a starting point for more researchers on neural networks that enable animals to learn from the environment. This effort requires neuroscientists to look into the brain functions of live animals. Scrub Jays are known to store or cache foods for their consumption. An experiment by Clayton et al. showed a resemblance of rationality in the part of the scrub jays regarding their food caching behavior. Scrub Jays were made to cache perishable and non-perishable foods in distinct trays. Upon retrieval of these food types, scrub jays appeared to display rationality by picking first perishable food over non-perishable ones. A behavior like this, according to the researchers, requires memory of past experiences with types of food in order to make a decision of effectively using his stored food. In another experiment, scrub jays were found to retain memories of pilferage of their cached food and thus resorted to caching food in private or retrieving food in private. These two experiments illustrate the complex behavior of scrub jays which are not witnessed in other animals. Dolphins were found to demonstrate memory of complex commands (Mercado et al. 210). In their experiment, a bottlenosed dolphin was able to replicate 36 behaviors it was tested on. It was also able to perform simultaneous and self-selected activities which signified, according to the researchers, the ability of dolphins to flexibly utilize recent behavior for the replication of complex activities.

Friday, January 24, 2020

Philosophy of Educative Assessment Essay -- essays research papers

Philosophy of Assessment Assessment of students is a crucial part of their education. It is one thing to be able, with some degree of confidence, to say that 'Johnny knows x' but it is quite another to be able to say 'Sarah can x'. It is clear that assessment at its core is involved in the measuring of something and that if I expect students to reach above a certain level of 'something' then I must clearly communicate that to them. The backwards design that we are familiar with goes someway towards achieving this goal. The notion that we state at the outset our expectations for student learning and then design activities to achieve that stated goal appears to be common sense. However, the tendency for teachers to rely upon pre-existing testing materials and adjust their high expectations to either teach to the test or adopt a less ?radical? approach is tempting. I think that new teachers are so overwhelmed with the day to day business of running a classroom that assessment, perhaps the most vital and under examined area in education, takes a back seat pretty quickly. A frustrating aspect of modern education is the concept of differentiation. It is often presented in the sense that each student learns differently, has different strengths and weaknesses and accordingly should be afforded assessment opportunities that allow them the best chance of success. That approach is daunting to new teachers because the intimation is that individualized assessment is preferable and with one hundred and six students of different grade levels and their own relative areas of skill, individualized assessment appears too hard a challenge. I have begun to examine my own assessment with a view to finding ways to improve it and improve ... ...stances students find among themselves, the absolutes are the text and the definitions available in the Oxford English Dictionary. The variable of teacher interpretation is also reduced because the student uses evidence form the text to prove their assertions. In addition to which, I contend that the explication meets the criteria for an educative assessment in that it allows for the academic growth of the student as the result of the features of the passage that are illuminated. Students see different things in the same text and express their findings differently but the value of their findings is the measure to take. The goal of educative assessment appears to turn ?traditional? assessment on its ear. The notion that the assessment is teaching something is a challenge to many teachers, particularly teachers with a vested interest in producing test scores.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

A Self Review And Needs Analysis Of The Students Existing Knowledge And Skills Base

In order to carry out this assignment, I will begin by reflecting on my own practice and performance. I have developed an action plan, depicting five areas where I believe my practice could be improved through a strengthening of my skills and knowledge. I aimed to discover my strengths and weaknesses by completing a training needs analysis, based on the Teachers’ Standards (Early Years) 2013.This helped me to identify which areas of my practice I have chosen to focus on in relation to the benchmark, i. e. the Common Core competencies. The first standard I have chosen to address is, ‘2. 1 Be more accountable for children’s progress, attainment and outcomes’ (NCTL,2013:2), which I hope to achieve by November 2013. In order to help a child develop, we must begin by observing a child, assess their level of development and plan for them based on their interests.When observing a child we must ensure that we are recording the observations appropriately, basing the m on evidence and not opinion as is stated in the Common Core competencies (CC) (CWCD,2010:10) Good observations further enable us to create a strong foundation to plan relevant activities for children. Once this has been completed, it is extremely important to reflect on what we have done.Reflection is integral to improving a child’s progress, attainment and outcomes and provides us with the opportunity to assess the results of an activity, so we can plan appropriate next steps or adapt the activity to make it more appropriate to a child’s needs and abilities. I am confident in my ability to design exciting and relevant activities for the children in my care, but have chosen to focus on improving my ability to constructively reflect on these activities, to ensure the next steps can have the best possible learning opportunities for the child.This is why I want to devise an improved planning system whereby staff can, ‘Draw upon personal experiences and other peopl e’s perspectives, to help you reflect, challenge your thinking and to assess the impact of your actions. ’ (CWCD,2010:12) A richer evaluation from an activity will give us a stronger basis to provide next steps, which are more focused and relevant to the unique child. I intend to research evaluation techniques so I will, ‘know how to use theory and experience to reflect upon, think about and improve practice.’ (CWCD,2010:12)Prompts for evaluation should also be provided to ensure we are reflecting effectively on our activities, rather than just writing something irrelevant in an effort to ‘just fill the box’. In addition, I think it would be beneficial to display ideas of activities and possible questions around the room in relevant areas to help extend spontaneous play. As the majority of our planning is spontaneous, due to the fickle and fleeting interests of a child, we must plan daily to provide activities true to a child’s most cur rent interest.This in turn will provide us with the richer observations we require to design fulfilling activities, unique to each child. The next target I have set myself, which is to be completed by December 2013 is, ‘8. 5 Take responsibility for leading practice through appropriate professional development for self and colleagues. ’ (NCTL,2013:5) It is extremely important to frequently attend courses related to childcare as new research and theories are published on a regular basis, which change our view on the way we care for children.While in an ideal world, every practitioner would be supplied with unlimited time and funding to attend every course, this is not the reality and we therefore must ensure that we relay information from each of the courses we do attend to the rest of the staff in our setting in order to enhance the practice of the setting as a whole rather than just one practitioner. Currently, this is achieved through filling out a ‘course feedba ck form’ which is one A4 page to squeeze in all the knowledge you have gained from the attended course.This is not very effective as the forms are not sufficient to encompass the wealth of information obtained on the course. In addition, the forms are kept away in a folder in the office, which is not very accessible to staff, so the benefits are not widely disseminated. The common core competencies state that I should, ‘have the confidence to challenge the way you or others practice. ’ (CWDC,2010:14) In my workplace, this means when I identify an area that needs improving, I would be enabled to attend a relevant course to ensure all staff are consistent and up to date with correct practice.When relaying the course I must, ‘communicate effectively with other practitioners and professionals by listening to them and ensuring that you are being listened to. ’ (CWDC,2010:19) Providing carefully designed aids to appeal to all types of learners i. e. visual , auditory and kinaesthetic, such as: power-point presentations, speeches or role play activities will ensure that the new information is thoroughly absorbed by all staff regardless of aptitude.I will, ‘be proactive, initiate necessary action and be able to put forward your judgements’ by creating easy to read hand-outs or leaflets. These would be available for staff to refer to, as well as for parents/carers who attend the setting to access, so we can enable consistency between home life and nursery life for the children in our care. Another aspect of my practice I have chosen to focus on is, ‘5.5 know when a child is in need of additional support, and how this can be accessed, working in partnership with parents and/or carers and other professionals. ’ (NCTL,2013:4) This process began when I was reviewing summative assessments and overviews, and became aware that a child in my care was not achieving the expected level of development in all areas. It is im portant that I, ‘know what to do in given cases – for example, referrals†¦ raising concerns when a child†¦ is not achieving their potential.’ (CWDC,2010:20)We know it is essential to raise any concerns with parents/carers in an appropriate manner first to ensure a good partnership throughout the process, because it states, ‘know when and how to discuss concerns with parents and carers’ (CWDC,2010:15) in the common core competencies. I know from completing my childcare qualifications what the correct course of action is, however I have not had much experience in referring children or filling out CAF forms, so I thought this could be a good opportunity to expand my own knowledge in this area, thus improving my practice.I intend to assist in the filling out of a CAF form as part of the referral process so I can gain a greater understanding in knowing, ‘when and how to obtain information, advice and support for children†¦ their paren ts and carers, and when and how to report concerns. ’ (CWDC,2010:12) To develop my knowledge of the further stages of the referral process, I will continue to be involved in any meetings/conferences concerning the child. This will involve liaising with other professionals, helping me to, ‘understand the procedures, objectives, roles and relationships of partner services, in order to work effectively alongside them.’ (CWDC,2010:21)Throughout this process with reference to both the internal and external elements of the referral, it is important to be fully aware of ‘organisational procedures and legal frameworks†¦ within your own organisation and other agencies’ (CWDC,2010:17) to ensure a successful and beneficial outcome for the child and family involved in the referral process. By being fully involved in this procedure from the outset, I hope to gain the knowledge and experience to be able to initiate and complete similar referrals in the future .I have set a date of February 2014  to complete this target by, however depending on the outcome of the CAF form or referral, this could be altered. The fourth action on my target plan is, ‘3. 5 demonstrate a clear understanding of appropriate strategies in the early teaching of mathematics. ’ (NCTL,2013:3) I hope to have achieved this by April 2014. The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) tells us that the maths area, ‘includes essential skills and knowledge for children to participate in society’ (EYFS reference here), so it is of vital importance to ensure that we, as practitioners, have the maths skills necessary to help children achieve their full potential in this area.However, this is an area that is often neglected within settings, and it has recently come to light that it is also an area that generally children are under achieving in. To combat this, the government have launched the ‘maths champions’ project which is to be led by th e Early Years Professionals (EYP) within the setting. The project aims to boost the practitioners’ skills in mathematics and their confidence in this area in an attempt to increase the mathematic ability of the children in our care.The first stage of this is to complete an audit to assess my confidence in mathematics as well as to assess the content of the maths resources in the setting. The second stage is to complete an initial assessment, asking you maths questions, which will convert your score into a level ranging from ‘entry level 1’ to ‘level 3’ From this, data can be collected and evaluated to decide on the best course of action to improve our mathematic ability and finally take a diagnostic test similar to the initial assessment to assess what improvements, if any, have been made.I believe it is important to take part in this project because the common core competencies state that I should, ‘make good use of available information, appr aising its content and assessing what else might be needed’ (CWDC,2010:22) I am excited to see the outcome of this project, how it affects the way in which we teach maths through play and what knock on effects it may have on children in other areas of development, as we know all learning is holistic and interlinked.Lastly, I aim to, ‘2. 3 know and understand attachment theories, their significance and how effectively to promote secure attachments. ’ (NCTL,2013:2) I have given myself until the end of the first year of my foundation degree, June 2014, to do this as we will look at different theories in more and more depth as the course goes on and I will be able to provide thorough evaluation of them all.I currently work  in the baby room and so I am perfectly placed to implement my developing knowledge of attachment theories when hew babies enter the setting and transition into nursery life, and time spent away from the main caregivers. This can often be a traum atic experience for such young children, and by gaining underpinning knowledge of attachment theories, I intend to ease the transition to make it as pleasant an experience as possible for both children and their parents/carers.It is essential to, ‘understand the different ways in which babies and children form attachments and how these might change’ (CWDC,2010:12) I have very little experience working in a baby room, so I am keen to expand my knowledge of child development for this vital age where such intense learning takes place, and understanding, ‘the importance of forming positive relationships in the development of children†¦ and how this can be supported.’ (CWDC,2010:12)When supporting transitions, it is essential to, ‘communicate straightforward, reassuring messages about key transitions’ (CWDC,2010:17) in an attempt to put parents/carers’ minds at ease as children can pick up on hesitant and unsure body language and feeling s towards the situation. This will only make it more difficult for children to transition smoothly, aggravating what can already be a distressing event.One of my strengths is how I form strong and lasting relationships with parents/carers as well as their sons or daughters, I continue to keep in touch with many of the children who have left the settings as I offer my services as a babysitter for parents/carers who do not have anyone to look after their children when they go out.I must ‘reassure children†¦ their families, and carers by explaining what is happening, by involving them in decisions as appropriate, and by exploring possible actions to deal with new and challenging situations. ’ (CWDC,2010:17) Possible actions could be experimenting with strategies influenced by child attachment theories and inform hew ways to promote secure attachments.Reflection and evaluation are integral to your practice when you work in an early years setting, we must strive to cons tantly improve our practice to better the outcomes for the children within our care. I have identified my strengths and weaknesses, and in completing the program I have outlined above, I intend to enhance my performance in all areas. In relation to the target dates I have set myself, I will write up a concise evaluation to confirm whether I have achieved the desired outcomes of the 5 targets or not.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

The Effects of Music on the Learning Process Essay example

I. Introduction To begin, my purpose of this project was to inform and persuade individuals about the different music styles on the learning process. Sometimes while I am doing my homework I play music and sometimes I do not. I have often wondered if I work faster or better, while working on my homework, with music or without music. Through my research I found out that music helps the brain process information which helps with the learning process. Music can affect a person’s focus and learning such as Albert Einstein, who played the violin. Music was the key that helped Albert Einstein become one of the smartest men who ever lived. Initially information for this topic was a bit difficult, but as I continued to research I was†¦show more content†¦By playing music more often in physical education classes this would allow the students to be more active and alert. The faster the rhythm of the music, the more calories one is likely to burn if they are trying to keep th e beat with the rhythm of the song that is playing. Actively listening to music is what helps my peers and me to be able to prepare for a physical and mentally healthy lifestyle. II. Mentor Have you ever had a teacher that you just automatically clicked with? That is how I feel about my mentor, Mrs. Jones. I have never had Mrs. Jones as my teacher, but from the way she carries herself and from the comments I’ve heard from other students, I knew she would be the perfect choice for my mentor. I simply went to her and asked her to be my mentor and she simply replied â€Å"yes.† I was thankful that she said yes because it was kind of late to be looking for a mentor. III. Design Cycle At this point I have started to find and read articles about music being involved with the learning process. Using Google I found a website called Science Daily. 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